Habitat distribution modeling for reintroduction of Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch. (Salicaceae): an indigenous fruit tree of Terai region

Abstract

Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch., commonly known as paniala, is an important underutilized fruit tree of Terai region. Due to the wide spectrum of pharmacological, cytotoxic and nutraceutical properties, the fruits of F. jangomas has been in high demand. In the present study, an extensive survey has been conducted to observe the distribution pattern of male and female tree populations of F. jangomas from 2020 to 2024 in Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh. A decline in male and female population have been also reported during the study. During a population survey (2020-2022) 68 places were marked in Gorakhpur district and adjoining regions with 1,340 trees (161 male and 1,179 female) of F. jangomas. In a recent survey (2023-2024), the same locations gave the decreased number of tree population which is 1,051 trees (144 male and 907 female). The decrease in population is due to over exploitation, increased urbanization, change in environment and infection caused by insects in the leaves, flowers, and fruits which is alarming. Therefore, the present study was carried out to predict the current suitable habitat of F. jangomas in India using MaxEnt species distribution model. Output of MaxEnt model reveal that the suitable habitat for distribution is Uttar Pradesh and Kerala with an area of 50,734 km2 of highest suitability. Future prediction model for 2050 showed loss of habitat area with an optimal geographic distribution of 25,050 km2 for this important plant which is alarming and measures should be taken timely.